Flooded vs AGM Batteries: Understanding the Differences for Micro-Hybrid Applications

The vehicle manufacturers are launching new and more hybrid and fully electric vehicles which are green but still expensive for the major consumer groups. On the contrary, Micro-hybrids with start-stop systems are easy to mate with the existing internal combustion engine and considered to be the most affordable and convenient way to cut fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions (up to 10%). Lead acid batteries (LAB) in micro-hybrid typically operate under a high rate partial state of charge conditions (HRPSoC). This operating mode is quite challenging as it involves short duration of charge and discharge with high current rates. There is a wide variety of batteries (from standard flooded and enhanced flooded to AGM) which all are claimed to be “better choice” for micro-hybrid applications, especially for European markets. A technical analysis of the current state of automotive batteries available on the Indian market has been performed and presented here. Standard flooded SLI and AGM batteries were tested to understand the main performance limitations, especially regarding 17.5 % DoD units & 50 % DoD cycles of EN 50342-6 standard (Lead-acid starter batteries – Part 6: Batteries for Micro-Cycle Applications). Large performance gap exists between Flooded and AGM in the 50 % DoD cycles and 17.5 % DoD units. Tear down analyses of cycled batteries revealed contrastingly different failure mechanisms for the Flooded and AGM batteries.

Presenters

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Mr Sundar Mayavan

Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute

India

Sundar Mayavan holds a B.Tech degree in Chemical & Electrochemical engineering form CSIR-CECRI and a Ph.D. degree in Material Science & Engineering from Ian Wark Research Institute,
University of South Australia, Australia and have more than 25 research papers and 1 patent to his credit. He has more than 15 years of research experience towards synthesis, and characterization of nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion devices.
Currently working as a Senior Principal scientist and heading lead acid battery group and CSIR-Battery Performance Testing and Evaluation Centre (NABL Accredited) at CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), a premier R&D institute in the field of electrochemistry under Ministry of science & technology, Govt of India.
His current research interest includes, Role of Nano-carbons in lead acid batteries, e-Rickshaw batteries, Start-Stop Batteries, Battery pack testing, lead batteries for telecom applications, BMS for lead acid batteries, laboratory management system based on ISO 17025:2017.
He is actively involved in the development of lead acid battery standards for India and currently serving as BIS technical committee member for primary (ETD-10) and secondary batteries (ETD-11).