By means of charts and curves, the main characteristics of sodium-ion batteries (SIB) were compared with that of lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP), and lead-acid valve-regulated batteries (VRLA). The theoretical mechanisms behind the differences in these characteristics were analyzed. It also presents the current research and development status, technical challenges, and future development trends of sodium-ion batteries. The report discusses the advantages and disadvantages of sodium-ion batteries and analyzes the competitive situation among these three different battery technologies. It further explores the potential application areas and issues of sodium-ion batteries. Generally speaking, sodium-ion batteries are safer than lithium batteries. Sodium-ion batteries have excellent high-rate discharge performance and good low-temperature discharge performance, capable of discharging 90% of their capacity at -20 degrees Celsius. Potential application areas of sodium-ion batteries include starting batteries for automobiles and motorcycles, outdoor power sources in cold regions, engineering vehicles, and backup power supplies for data centers, among others.
Key words: SIB（Sodium ion battery）, Safety, high rate discharge, low temperature performance, status of SIB development;